Vocabulary
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Nurture → criar / educar / cuidar (correcto: pero también implica “nutrir” en sentido amplio: educación + cuidado).
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depends on → depende de (correcto).
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raised → criado / educado / levantado (correcto).
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characterist → Cuidado: falta una letra; debe ser characteristic → característica.
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Nature → naturaleza (correcto).
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work out → resolver / solucionar / también puede significar hacer ejercicio según el contexto (correcto).
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sitting around → estar sentado sin hacer nada / perdiendo el tiempo (correcto).
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enhance → mejorar / realzar / potenciar (correcto).
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unmanageable → inmanejable / incontrolable (correcto).
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deceives → engaña (correcto).
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former → anterior / antiguo / previo (correcto).
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disadvantaged → desfavorecido / pobre (correcto, pero “disadvantaged” es más “en situación desfavorable”, no estrictamente “pobre”).
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boastful → fanfarrón / presumido (correcto).
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a fresh start → un nuevo comienzo / empezar de cero
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enrol in a top school → matricularse en una escuela de prestigio / en una de las mejores escuelas
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meet a challenge → enfrentarse a un desafío / afrontar un reto
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a leading member of → un miembro destacado de / un miembro importante de
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roam the streets → vagar por las calles / deambular por las calles
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made no apologies for → no pidió disculpas por / no se disculpó por
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on the edge of → al borde de / en el límite de (depende del contexto)
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come top of the class → ser el primero de la clase / sacar las mejores calificaciones
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expelled → expulsado
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achievement → logro
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minority → minoría
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getting into trouble → meterse en problemas
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grateful → agradecido
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cope with → lidiar con / afrontar / sobrellevar
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newfound → recién descubierto / recién hallado
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criticised → criticado (forma británica; en EE. UU. se escribe criticized)
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exclusive → exclusivo
Grammar
Conectores para añadir ideas sobre el mismo tema (purpose: to add a point on the same topic):
and, y, She studies French and Italian.
in addition, además, In addition, she works full-time.
furthermore, además, Furthermore, he speaks three languages.
moreover, además, Moreover, the project was completed early.
what’s more, además, What’s more, they did it under budget.
also, también, He also plays guitar.
too, también, She likes chocolate too.
as well as, así como, He speaks English as well as Spanish.
Conectores para expresar contraste (to express a contrast):
but, pero, She is tired but she keeps working.
however, sin embargo, It rained. However, we went outside.
yet, sin embargo, He’s young, yet very responsible.
still, aún así, She failed the test. Still, she didn’t give up.
although, aunque, Although it was cold, we swam.
even if, incluso si, I’ll go even if it rains.
even though, aunque, He came even though he was sick.
in spite of, a pesar de, We went for a walk in spite of the weather.
despite, a pesar de, They finished the race despite being injured.
To describe a cause or reason:
because (of), porque / debido a, We stayed home because it was raining.
since, ya que / porque, Since you’re here, let’s start.
due to, debido a, The flight was delayed due to bad weather.
as, ya que / porque, As it was late, we left.
as a result of, como resultado de, The streets flooded as a result of the storm.
another reason for … is …, otra razón para … es …, Another reason for his success is his determination.
Exercise pg 7
1 getting started
I believe what we become depends on a mix of nurture and nature: our genes, which are responsible for our physical characteristics and partly shape our personality, but it is also a matter of the way we are treated as we grow up and our habits